The spatial governance dilemma and sustainable solutions to the problem of "difficult parking" in cities

Authors

  • Peng Yang School of Psychology, Shinawatra University Author
  • Jun Gong School of Psychology, Shinawatra University Author
  • Zhuofu Zhou School of Psychology, Shinawatra University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65514/ahnyh120

Keywords:

Difficult parking; Spatial governance; Sustainable transportation; Intelligent parking system; Policy innovation

Abstract

With the acceleration of global urbanization, the problem of "parking difficulty" in cities has become increasingly prominent, affecting traffic efficiency, environmental quality and residents' quality of life. This article systematically analyzes the current situation, causes, and spatial governance challenges of urban parking problems, and explores sustainable solutions from multiple perspectives such as systems, policies, funding, resources, and technology. Research has shown that parking difficulties are related to complex factors such as supply-demand imbalance, lagging planning, policy failure, and insufficient technological application. This paper proposes to build a multi-level governance system through cross sectoral collaboration, intelligent technology integration, policy innovation and spatial optimization, hoping to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for urban sustainable development, and promote the development of urban parking system in the direction of efficiency, fairness and sustainability.

References

1.Arora, N., Cook, J., Kumar, R., Kuznetsov, I., Li, Y., Liang, H.-J., Miller, A., Tomkins, A., Tsogsuren, I., & Wang, Y. (2019). Hard to park? Estimating parking difficulty at scale. Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining,

2. Baran, J., Miklis, A., & Żabińska, I. (2021). Research Towards Sustainable Parking Solutions. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering, 4.

3. Biyik, C., Allam, Z., Pieri, G., Moroni, D., O’fraifer, M., O’connell, E., Olariu, S., & Khalid, M. (2021). Smart parking systems: Reviewing the literature, architecture and ways forward. Smart Cities, 4(2), 623-642.

4. Campisi, T., Caselli, B., Rossetti, S., & Torrisi, V. (2022). The evolution of sustainable mobility and urban space planning: exploring the factors contributing to the regeneration of car parking in living spaces. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, 76-83.

5. Chen, Z., Xu, Z., Tian, K., & Jia, S. (2025). Environmental and Social Benefits of Urban Parking Space Shortages Mitigation Management Model: A System Dynamics and Nudge Approach. Sustainability, 17(14), 6414.

6. Fahim, A., Hasan, M., & Chowdhury, M. A. (2021). Smart parking systems: comprehensive review based on various aspects. Heliyon, 7(5).

7. Feng, Y., Wang, F., Chen, X., & Zhang, X. (2024). Study on Parking Adaptability in Urban Complexes on Top of Subways Based on Shared Parking Spaces. Sustainability, 16(17), 7334.

8. Grzenda, M., Luckner, M., & Brzozowski, Ł. (2023). Quantifying parking difficulty with transport and prediction models for travel mode choice modelling. International Conference on Computational Science,

9. Jelen, G., Podobnik, V., & Babic, J. (2021). Contextual prediction of parking spot availability: A step towards sustainable parking. Journal of cleaner production, 312, 127684.

10. Kirschner, F., & Lanzendorf, M. (2020). Parking management for promoting sustainable transport in urban neighbourhoods. A review of existing policies and challenges from a German perspective. Transport Reviews, 40(1), 54-75.

11. Ma, C., Huang, X., & Li, J. (2024). A review of research on urban parking prediction. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 11(4), 700-720.

12. Shen, T., Hong, Y., Thompson, M. M., Liu, J., Huo, X., & Wu, L. (2020). How does parking availability interplay with the land use and affect traffic congestion in urban areas? The case study of Xi’an, China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 57, 102126.

13. Shoup, D. C. (2006). Cruising for parking. Transport policy, 13(6), 479-486.

14. Xiao, X., Jin, Z., Hui, Y., Xu, Y., & Shao, W. (2021). Hybrid spatial–temporal graph convolutional networks for on-street parking availability prediction. Remote Sensing, 13(16), 3338.

15. Yan-ling, W., Xin, W., & Ming-chun, Z. (2016). Current situation and analysis of parking problem in Beijing. Procedia engineering, 137, 777-785.

16. Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Huang, W., Wan, C., Hu, X., Jiang, X., Wei, L., & Xiong, Y. (2025). A parking space safety allocation mechanism based on standardized difficulty modeling and neighborhood conflict avoidance. Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Traffic Systems and Smart City (ITSSC 2025).

Downloads

Published

2025-12-21

How to Cite

Yang, P., Gong, J., & Zhou, Z. (2025). The spatial governance dilemma and sustainable solutions to the problem of "difficult parking" in cities. Contemporary Sustainability Development, 1(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.65514/ahnyh120